Allodynia is the appearance of pain when exposed to stimuli that normally do not cause pain. It is noted in causalgia, neuropathies and polyneuropathies, herpes zoster, multiple sclerosis, migraine, condition after spinal cord injuries, strokes, spinal operations. To establish the cause of allodynia, data from a survey, general and neurological examination, electrophysiological, neuroimaging and laboratory studies are used. Treatment - analgesics, blockade with anesthetics, vitamins, antidepressants, physiotherapy techniques. Surgery is sometimes recommended.
Article • Read more →Amylorrhea is the appearance in the stool of a large number of starch grains, which indicates a violation of the digestion of carbohydrates. The symptom occurs with enzyme deficiency - chronic pancreatitis, enteritis, pancreatic tumors. Amylorrhea is observed with increased peristalsis, which happens with IBS, intestinal infections, hyperacid gastritis. The diagnostic plan involves functional probe and probeless methods, coprogram, instrumental imaging of the pancreas. Treatment includes diet therapy, pancreatic enzyme preparations, antacids, and probiotics.
Article • Read more →Apathy is a symptom or a temporary mental state characterized by indifference, emotional coldness, indifference. It is manifested by indifference, detachment from what is happening, lack of motivation for any activity, decrease in emotions, slowness of actions. Diagnosis depends on the cause of apathy, the main methods are clinical conversation, observation, psychological testing. In addition, an examination by a neurologist, instrumental studies of the brain are prescribed. Symptomatic methods of treatment include psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, daily regimen correction.
Article • Read more →Asymmetry of the face is more common in nervous diseases and dental pathologies. Less commonly, the cause of the symptom is trauma, ophthalmological, otolaryngological, congenital diseases. Violation can be static or dynamic, develop due to disorders of innervation, edema, excess or lack of tissue. Determining the cause of asymmetry is carried out using data from general, dental, neurological, otolaryngological examination, radiography, and other imaging techniques. Treatment prior to diagnosis is not indicated.
Article • Read more →Basophilia (basophilic leukocytosis) is an increase in the content of basophils more than 150 in 1 μl of blood or more than 1% of the total number of leukocytes. It often accompanies eosinophilia, since basophils and eosinophils are jointly involved in many pathological reactions. The causes of basophilia are allergic, inflammatory, oncohematological diseases. There are no specific manifestations, the clinical picture is determined by the underlying pathology. Measurement of the level of basophils is carried out in the general blood test. To eliminate basophilia, it is necessary to treat the disease against which it arose.
Article • Read more →Patella balloting is a condition in which the patella sinks into the joint during pressure until it contacts the underlying bones, and when the pressure stops, it rises back. Indicates the presence of fluid in the joint. It is caused by the accumulation of blood - hemarthrosis or inflammatory fluid - synovitis. It occurs with injuries, degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the joint, and some other pathologies. To diagnose diseases accompanied by balloting of the patella, radiography, ultrasound, CT, MRI, puncture, arthroscopy and other procedures are prescribed. Before making a diagnosis, it is necessary to ensure the rest of the limb.
Article • Read more →White discharge from the vagina (leucorrhoea) is the appearance of a thick white discharge from the genital slit. Often there is a secret with a sour smell. The symptom is often accompanied by intense itching and discomfort in the perineum, pain during intercourse. The occurrence of leucorrhoea can provoke natural causes, white discharge is also a sign of a fungal infection of the vagina, dysbiosis. To identify pathological conditions that cause leucorrhea, an examination with mirrors, ultrasound of the pelvic organs, and laboratory tests are performed. To eliminate the symptom, the underlying disease is treated.
Article • Read more →Anxiety is a negative emotional state, expressed by a feeling of uncertainty, the expectation of bad events. It manifests itself internally as a feeling of anxiety, an experience of excitement, and an unpleasant foreboding of impending disaster. External signs of anxiety - absent-mindedness, restlessness, obsessive movements, a suffering facial expression. A survey, observation, and psychodiagnostic tests are used for diagnosis: questionnaires, and projective techniques. Symptomatic care includes psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and relaxation techniques.
Article • Read more →Bilirubinuria is a pathological condition characterized by the presence of bilirubin in the urine. The causes are diseases of the liver and biliary tract (BI). A high concentration of bilirubin stains the urine dark brown. The test for bilirubinuria together with the test for urobilinogenuria (detection of bilirubin derivatives in the urine) is used for the differential diagnosis of jaundice - parenchymal, hemolytic, obstructive. Treatment of the underlying disease is necessary to correct bilirubinuria.
Article • Read more →Pain in the upper abdomen (epigastrium) develops with many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: intestinal infections, gastritis, and peptic ulcer, pathologies of the organs of the pancreatobiliary zone. Some extra-abdominal causes include lower lobe pneumonia, intercostal neuralgia, and lesions of the abdominal aorta and its branches. For diagnostic purposes, a complex of instrumental studies (ultrasound, radiography and CT, endoscopy) is carried out in combination with analyzes and functional methods. To stop the pain, analgesics, antispasmodics and antisecretory drugs are used. A different treatment regimen is selected taking into account the underlying pathology.
Article • Read more →Pain in the upper jaw is provoked by injuries, purulent processes, ganglioneuritis, some dental and otolaryngological diseases, tumors, masticatory muscle pathologies, and temporal arteritis. It can be weak, intense, constant, short-term, pressing, aching, pulling, shooting, or bursting. The cause of the symptom is established based on complaints, examination data, imaging methods, and laboratory tests. Treatment is carried out using painkillers, antibiotics, local manipulations, and surgical interventions.
Article • Read more →Pain in the genitals in women occurs with gynecological pathologies, traumatic injuries, neoplasms, local infectious processes. Sometimes they have an irradiating character, are observed with lesions of the musculoskeletal system, lower intestines and urinary tract. The etiology of the symptom is determined on the basis of complaints, anamnesis, gynecological examination, instrumental studies and laboratory tests. In the course of treatment, medical and physiotherapeutic methods are used. If indicated, operations are performed.
Article • Read more →Pain in the lower leg indicates the presence of a pathological process in the region of the tibia and fibula, soft tissues, blood vessels, and nerves. They can be short-term, constant, periodic, acute, dull, weak, intense. Often there is a connection with the load. To determine the cause of pain, radiography, ultrasound, CT, MRI, and other studies are prescribed. Until the diagnosis is clarified, rest is recommended; under certain conditions, it is acceptable to take painkillers.
Article • Read more →Chest pain on the left is pain sensations of a compressive, stabbing, pressing nature, which are localized in the left half of the chest. Most often, the symptom is caused by coronary and non-coronary heart diseases, pain is observed with inflammation of the left lung and pleura, collagenosis, and gastrointestinal pathology. To establish the cause of the pain syndrome, an ECG, ultrasound of the heart, chest x-ray, clinical and bacteriological studies are performed, and invasive diagnostic methods are used. Nitroglycerin and NSAIDs are used to relieve pain, etiotropic drugs are selected after the underlying disease is identified.
Article • Read more →Pain in the chest on the right is a stabbing, burning, squeezing pain in the right side of the chest. Soreness occurs with pathologies of the lower respiratory tract and pleura, chest injuries, diseases of the hepatobiliary system, damage to the neuromuscular apparatus. To determine the cause of chest pain, radiography and sonography of the chest and abdominal cavity, endoscopic diagnostic methods, ECG, and a set of laboratory tests are used. In order to stop the pain syndrome, analgesics, physiotherapeutic methods, etiotropic drugs are prescribed.
Article • Read more →Chest pain (thoracalgia) is pain in the chest of varying nature and intensity. Soreness often radiates to the arm, shoulder blade, collarbone. The symptom occurs during pathological processes in the lungs, mediastinal organs, with damage to the heart, neuromuscular apparatus. Sometimes the chest hurts in diseases of the abdominal organs. To establish the cause of thoracalgia, ultrasound and X-ray of the chest organs, EGDS are performed, the abdominal cavity is examined, and laboratory tests are prescribed. To relieve pain, analgesics, NSAIDs, physiotherapy methods are used.
Article • Read more →Pain in the lip is observed with various types of cheilitis, herpes, traumatic injuries, atypical form of lichen planus of the oral cavity, trigeminal neuralgia, lip cancer. In the absence of significant skin defects, it is often burning, often combined with itching, with the appearance of cracks - sore, with neurological pathology - extremely intense, shooting. The cause is established on the basis of examination data, instrumental and laboratory methods. Treatment includes anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antipruritic local agents, immunomodulators, regeneration stimulants, other drugs of general action, physiotherapy techniques. Surgery is sometimes recommended.
Article • Read more →Pain in the gums occurs with gingivitis, periodontitis, periodontal disease, stomatitis, developing against the background of local changes or somatic diseases. It is detected with malocclusion, mechanical damage. It can be weak, intense, permanent, short-term. Often occurs when eating, brushing teeth. The cause of the symptom is determined on the basis of complaints, dental examination data and additional studies. Treatment is carried out using general and local means: antiseptics, anesthetics, analgesics, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs. According to indications, dental operations are performed.
Article • Read more →Pain in the stomach develops with functional digestive disorders, intestinal infections, gastritis and peptic ulcer. The symptom occurs with foreign bodies and neoplasms of the stomach, pyloric stenosis, NSAID gastropathy. To diagnose the causes of abdominal pain syndrome, instrumental methods are used - ultrasound, EFGDS, X-ray examination, intragastric pH-metry. To eliminate pain, medications are used: drugs that reduce gastric secretion, antacids, antispasmodics and prokinetics. In acute conditions, gastric lavage, sorbents, antidotes are prescribed.
Article • Read more →Pain in the gallbladder most often indicates biliary dyskinesia, acute or chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis. Less commonly, pain syndrome occurs against the background of cholangitis, parasitic invasions, neoplasms. For the diagnosis of etiological factors, instrumental visualization is used - ultrasound, cholecystography, ERCP, scintigraphy. Laboratory techniques include bile analysis, clinical and biochemical blood tests. To stop the symptom, painkillers and antispasmodics, antibiotics, choleretic drugs are prescribed. According to the indications, surgical treatment is performed - cholecystectomy.
Article • Read more →Pain in the anus is often provoked by diseases of the rectum and perianal region. It can be caused by proctitis, anal fissure, abscess, thrombosis of hemorrhoids, a foreign body, trauma, tumors, etc. Pain can be combined with itching, purulent or bloody discharge, stool disturbance, a feeling of having a foreign object. To diagnose the causes of pain in the anus, it is necessary to conduct a proctological examination, anoscopy, rectoscopy, and laboratory tests. From conservative methods of treatment, microclysters, suppositories, physiotherapy are used, from radical ones - endoscopic and open operations on the rectum and anal canal.
Article • Read more →Pain in the anus in women occurs with diseases of the rectum, female genital organs, urinary system. It happens constant, short-term, sharp, dull, sharp, burning, pulsating, pressing, aching, stabbing, pulling. Sometimes combined with stool disorders, tenesmus, blood, mucus. The causes of the symptom are established on the basis of the data of the survey, external, proctological and gynecological examination, anoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, ultrasound, anal manometry, coprogram, analysis for worm eggs, biopsy studies. For treatment, rectal suppositories, microclysters, physiotherapy, and general preparations are used.
Article • Read more →Pain in the anus in men occurs with proctological diseases, some andrological pathologies. It can be short-term, long-term, constant, insignificant, moderate, strong, dull, sharp, burning, pressing, pulling, bursting, cutting, pulsating. Perhaps a combination with itching, burning, tenesmus, constipation, diarrhea, mucous or bloody discharge. To establish the etiology of the pain syndrome, a survey, external examination, ultrasound, sigmoidoscopy, anoscopy, and laboratory tests are performed. Treatment regimens include antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, analgesics, coating preparations, local procedures.
Article • Read more →Wrist pain is a specific discomfort that indicates the presence of a pathological process in the area of the wrist joint, wrist bones, and nearby soft tissues. It can be dull, acute, constant, short-term, diffuse, local, irradiating, etc. Often associated with the time of day or physical activity. Causes of pain in the wrist are determined by the survey, physical examination, radiography, ultrasound, MRI, CT, arthroscopy, laboratory tests. Until the etiology of the pain syndrome is established, rest, taking analgesics is recommended.
Article • Read more →Pain in the intestine occurs with a functional disorder - irritable bowel syndrome, common organic diseases - intestinal infections, chronic enteritis and enterocolitis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). Less commonly, symptoms indicate neoplasms, diverticula, acute surgical pathology. To diagnose the causes of pain in the intestines, laboratory tests, ultrasound, endoscopic, x-ray methods are used. For the treatment of pain, diet therapy, drugs (antibiotics, antispasmodics, probiotics), and surgical methods are used.
Article • Read more →Pain in the pelvic bones occurs with injuries, inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases, tumors of bones, soft tissue structures, blood diseases, metabolic disorders in bone tissue. It can be strong, weak, constant, intermittent, sharp, dull, aching, stabbing, pulling, twitching, pulsating. Sometimes associated with physical activity, other circumstances. The cause of the pain is found out with the help of a survey, external examination, X-ray data, ultrasound, other instrumental and laboratory studies. Until the diagnosis is made, rest is recommended, sometimes analgesics can be taken.
Article • Read more →Pain in the left side is observed with constipation, IBS, inflammatory (sigmoiditis, UC, diverticulitis) and neoplastic diseases of the intestine. Pain in the left flank and iliac region is characteristic of intestinal infections, chronic pancreatitis, hernias. Women are worried about pain in pathologies of the genital organs. To diagnose the causes of pain, laboratory, radiological, endoscopic and ultrasound methods are prescribed. Therapeutic measures include diet selection, probiotics and enzymes, laxatives, NSAIDs and antispasmodics. In complicated forms of gastroenterological diseases, surgical intervention is performed.
Article • Read more →Pain in the elbow joint is a specific discomfort that indicates the presence of a pathological process in the joint itself or surrounding tissues. Often accompanied by swelling, can be combined with hyperemia, hyperthermia, and other symptoms. It can be diffuse, localized, superficial, deep, dull or acute. It varies from mild to unbearable, sometimes depending on the weather, physical activity or time of day. To determine the cause of pain, radiography, ultrasound, MRI, CT, arthroscopy, and laboratory tests are used. NSAIDs, analgesics, physiotherapy procedures are used for relief.
Article • Read more →Pain in the mammary gland (mastalgia) is a unilateral or bilateral pain in the chest in women. The symptom is accompanied by heaviness and swelling of the mammary gland, discharge from the nipple. Mastalgia is caused by hormonal changes, inflammatory and infectious diseases, benign and malignant neoplasms of the breast. To verify the cause of pain, ultrasound, radiography, invasive methods, and laboratory tests are used. To eliminate the pain syndrome, analgesics, hormonal drugs, physiotherapy are used.
Article • Read more →Pain in the scrotum is noted with inflammatory and voluminous processes, fluid accumulation, trauma, some infectious and parasitic pathologies. In diseases of the kidneys, ureters, prostate, rectum due to irradiation. More often dull, pulling, aching, bursting, less often sharp, twitching, pulsating. The causes of pain in the scrotum are determined by the results of a survey, external examination, diaphanoscopy, ultrasound and laboratory tests. Sometimes a puncture is required. Prior to diagnosis, immobilization using a special bandage or suspensor is recommended.
Article • Read more →Pain in the lower jaw is observed with periostitis, osteomyelitis, maxillary abscess, fractures, tumors. It is provoked by some dental pathologies, bruxism, neuralgia, coronary artery disease. It can be constant, intermittent, strong, non-intense, dull, sharp, pressing, aching, bursting, twitching. The cause is determined based on the results of the survey, general and dental examination, imaging, electrophysiological, laboratory techniques. Therapy includes analgesics, antibiotics, glucocorticoids, and other medications. Sometimes operations are performed.
Article • Read more →Pain in the nose is most often found in chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, purulent processes (boils, carbuncles, abscesses). The cause of pain can be injuries and burns of the nose, the ingress of foreign bodies, benign and malignant neoplasms. To find out the causes of discomfort, rhinoscopy, radiography of the nose, paranasal sinuses, bacterial culture of a smear from the nasal mucosa, and standard blood tests are performed. To relieve pain, NSAIDs, local anesthetics, and narcotic analgesics are recommended. Etiotropic therapy includes medical and surgical techniques.
Article • Read more →Pain in the forehead is observed with sinusitis, inflammation of cerebral structures, increased blood pressure, intracranial hypertension, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, eye diseases, neuralgia, tumors. Often spreads to the temple, eye socket. It can be pressing, arching, twitching, pulsating, sharp, dull, prolonged, short-term. Diagnosed according to the survey, otolaryngological, ophthalmological, neurological examination, additional studies. Treatment is carried out using antimicrobial, analgesic, antihypertensive, antihistamines. Sometimes surgery is indicated.
Article • Read more →Pain in the pubic area in women is provoked by traumatic injuries and diseases of the cartilage of the symphysis zone and adjacent bones, some gynecological and urological pathologies. May occur during pregnancy. They are sharp, blunt, strong, non-intense, permanent or intermittent. With the involvement of solid structures, they increase or decrease with a change in body position. The nature of the pathology is determined on the basis of a conversation, a general and gynecological examination, and the results of hardware and laboratory techniques. Therapeutic tactics depend on the cause of the pain syndrome, it can be conservative (medications, physiotherapy) or operational.
Article • Read more →Pain in the labia area is observed with nonspecific vulvitis and vulvovaginitis, bartholinitis, candidiasis, gardnerellosis, STIs, vulvar kraurosis, vulvodynia. May be constant or intermittent. In most cases, mild or moderate, has a raw or burning character, combined with itching, pathological discharge. Less often strong, pulling, bursting. Sometimes it is supplemented by weakness, general hyperthermia. The cause of the symptom is established according to the data of a gynecological examination, the results of laboratory and hardware techniques. Treatment includes general and local etiotropic therapy, physiotherapy, hormonal agents. Sometimes surgery is indicated.
Article • Read more →Pain in the navel is a symptom of functional digestive disorders, intestinal infections, chronic enteritis and pancreatitis and associated enzyme deficiency. Soreness in the umbilical zone occurs with surgical pathology (appendicitis, small bowel obstruction, umbilical hernia), diseases of the gastroduodenal zone. To diagnose the cause of pain, X-ray, ultrasound, endoscopic and laboratory research methods are used. To stop the symptom, enzyme preparations, antispasmodics, probiotics, analgesics are used. Be sure to select diet therapy.
Article • Read more →Pain in the toes appears with traumatic injuries, deformities of the feet, inflammatory, degenerative diseases. Often becomes a consequence of dermatological diseases. It is observed in some vascular and nervous pathologies. It can be weak, intense, dull, sharp, pulling, burning, aching, twitching, bursting, short-term, intermittent or constant. To find out the cause of pain in the toes, a survey, external examination, additional studies: x-rays, ultrasound, laboratory tests are carried out. Until the diagnosis is clarified, rest is recommended, sometimes it is possible to take analgesics.
Article • Read more →Pain in the fingers occurs when bones, joints, soft tissues, blood vessels, and nerves are affected. It can be dull, acute, weak, intense, constant, intermittent, short-term. Often there is a connection with physical activity, weather conditions, and other factors. Concomitant external disturbances are possible: deformations, changes in color and temperature, edema. To determine the cause of pain in the fingers, the results of a survey, external examination, x-ray examination, and other methods are used. Until the diagnosis is made, rest is recommended, sometimes taking painkillers.
Article • Read more →Pain in the groin in women is the result of skin infections, inguinal lymphadenitis, gynecological and urological diseases, pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract and the musculoskeletal system. Detected in pelvic pain syndrome. It can be dull, sharp, short-term, long-lasting, aching, twitching, bursting, pulsating. In some cases, it has an irradiating character. The cause of the symptom is determined on the basis of complaints, examination results, laboratory data and imaging studies. Treatment includes analgesics, antibiotics, hormones, physiotherapy, and surgery.
Article • Read more →Pain in the groin in men is observed with an inguinal hernia, inflammation of the regional lymph nodes against the background of STDs, diseases of the genital organs and urinary system, some injuries, and orthopedic pathologies. It can be acute, dull, weak, intense, constant, periodic. Sometimes it is supplemented by edema, hyperemia. Local external deformations are possible. The cause of the symptom is established on the basis of the data of the survey, external examination, ultrasound, radiography, laboratory tests. In some cases, biopsy sampling is required. Treatment includes painkillers and antimicrobials, physical therapy, and surgery.
Article • Read more →Pain in the shoulder joint is a specific painful sensation caused by damage to the head of the shoulder, glenoid cavity of the scapula, cartilage, capsule, surrounding soft tissues and nearby anatomical formations. It can be acute or dull, constant or transient, aching, pulling, bursting, drilling, etc. Often aggravated by movement. May depend on weather and time of day. To determine the cause of pain, radiography, CT, MRI, ultrasound, arthroscopy, joint puncture, and laboratory tests are used. Until the diagnosis is clarified, rest, immobilization of the limb, and taking painkillers are indicated.
Article • Read more →Pain in the chin occurs with traumatic injuries, local purulent processes, trigeminal neuralgia, atypical prosopalgia. In patients with dental pathologies and myositis of the cervical muscles, it has an irradiating character. It can be acute, dull, constant, short-term, growing, weak, intense, aching, twitching, arching, shooting. The cause of the symptom is established according to the survey, general and dental examination, additional studies. Treatment is carried out with the use of analgesics, antibiotics, anticonvulsants and other drugs. Operations are carried out according to indications.
Article • Read more →Pain in the penis occurs with injuries, inflammatory diseases, sclerotic processes, circulatory disorders, tumors, STIs. It can be localized in the area of the trunk or head, be sharp, dull, short-term, long-term, cutting, aching, pulling, pulling, bursting. Sometimes combined with pain in the scrotum, perineum, lower abdomen. The cause of pain is determined on the basis of survey data, external examination, ultrasound results, laboratory tests. Other visualization and functional techniques are less commonly used. Self-medication before diagnosis is not indicated
Article • Read more →Pain in the kidneys most often occurs with inflammatory lesions - pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis. Pain syndrome occurs with nephroptosis, urolithiasis, emergency conditions (kidney infarction, renal vein thrombosis). Instrumental techniques are used for diagnosis: ultrasound, urography, CT. Laboratory tests of urine and blood are used. To clarify the diagnosis, a kidney biopsy is performed. Conservative treatment includes antibiotics, corticosteroids, diuretics, and antihypertensives. According to indications, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, surgical intervention is prescribed.
Article • Read more →Pain in the right side develops with damage to the digestive organs - appendicitis and mesadenitis, Crohn's disease, hernias and malignant neoplasms. Among other causes of the symptom, urolithiasis is distinguished, in women - pathologies of the internal genital organs. To diagnose diseases manifested by pain in the side, ultrasound, X-ray and endoscopic studies are performed. Be sure to prescribe a standard package of laboratory tests of blood, feces, urine. Treatment includes medications (analgesics, antibiotics, hormones and cytostatics), surgical interventions.
Article • Read more →Pain in the perineum in men is observed with inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, STIs, non-specific infectious processes, volumetric formations, pelvic congestion. It can be found in coccygodynia, proctological and urological pathologies. The cause of the symptom is established by the results of a survey, rectal examination, ultrasound, laboratory tests. Treatment includes antibiotics, immunomodulators, antispasmodics, NSAIDs, hormones, anticoagulants, physiotherapy, prostate massage, surgical techniques.
Article • Read more →Pain in the heart occurs due to cardiac and non-cardiac causes. The most common pathologies accompanied by pain syndrome: angina pectoris, arterial hypertension, arrhythmias. The symptom is characteristic of myocarditis and pericarditis, rheumatism, cardiomyopathy. Extracardiac factors - cardioneurosis, osteochondrosis, GERD, etc. For diagnosis, instrumental techniques are performed (ECG, echocardiography, coronary angiography), laboratory tests (lipid profile, assessment of acute phase parameters, study of markers of myocardial necrosis). To stop pain in the heart, treatment of the underlying disease is necessary.
Article • Read more →Pain in the foot is a consequence of pathological processes in the bones and soft tissues of the foot, damage to blood vessels, nerves of the overlying sections. It can be dull, acute, weak, strong, diffuse, local, constant, periodic. Most often, there is a connection with physical activity, prolonged stay in a standing position. To determine the cause of pain, a survey, external examination, radiography, CT, MRI, sonography, and laboratory tests are carried out. Until the etiology of the pain syndrome is determined, rest is recommended, sometimes taking painkillers is indicated.
Article • Read more →Pain in the crown occurs with disorders of cerebral circulation, intracranial hypertension, meningitis, encephalitis, arachnoiditis, traumatic injuries of the head and neck, otolaryngological diseases, their intracranial complications. It is observed with muscle lesions, diseases of the spine, infections, intoxications, vegetative-vascular, neurotic disorders. More often pressing or bursting, it can be pulsating, twitching, aching. It is diagnosed on the basis of complaints, anamnesis data, general examination, otolaryngological and neurological examination, additional methods. Painkillers, NSAIDs, antibiotics, nootropics, neurometabolites, and other agents are used for treatment.
Article • Read more →Ear pain (otalgia) is a symptom of otitis media, eustachitis, foreign bodies entering the ear canal. Soreness also occurs with injuries of the ear, temporal bone, benign and malignant tumors, neurological diseases. To diagnose the causes of pain syndrome, otoscopy, audiometry, radiography and computed tomography of the skull are performed. Analyzes of discharge from the ear, blood tests help to establish the origin of the symptom. To relieve pain, local drugs (ear drops) and systemic analgesics are used. Treatment includes medication and physiotherapy, if necessary, resort to otosurgery.
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